Description
Lemon Bergamot (Monarda citriodora) – Planting & Care Guide
- Habit/Hardiness: Annual to short‑lived perennial; typically grown as an annual. Hardy in USDA zones 4–9 (may overwinter in mild climates).
- Bloom/Use: Early–mid summer; lemon‑mint fragrance; loved by bees, butterflies.
Light
- Full sun (6+ hrs); tolerates light afternoon shade in hot regions.
Soil
- Type: Well‑drained loam or sandy loam; average fertility.
- pH: 6.0–7.5.
- Prep: Work in 1–2 in (2.5–5 cm) compost; ensure good drainage to limit mildew.
Planting
- Timing: After last frost (spring). In mild climates, fall sowing is possible.
- Spacing: 12–18 in (30–45 cm) for airflow.
- Depth: Set transplants at same depth; water in well.
From seed
- Direct sow after frost or start indoors 4–6 weeks before last frost.
- Sow shallowly: press in or cover 1/16–1/8 in (1–3 mm). 65–70°F (18–21°C).
- Germination: 7–14 days. Thin to final spacing.
Water
- Keep evenly moist until established; then moderate watering. Avoid constant wet foliage.
Feeding
- Light feeder. Compost at planting is usually sufficient; avoid high nitrogen (floppiness).
Care
- Pinch tips at 6–8 in tall to encourage bushiness.
- Deadhead to extend bloom; cut back after flowering for a light rebloom.
- Good air circulation helps prevent powdery mildew.
Containers
- Use a well‑draining potting mix with 20–30% perlite; 10–12 in (25–30 cm) pot or larger; full sun.
Pests/Diseases
- Generally easy. Watch for powdery mildew in humid conditions; space plants, water at soil level.
Harvest
- Snip young leaves/flowers for teas and bouquets. Harvest in the morning for best aroma.
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